unity and host defense. In the present study, we show that punicic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid present in the diet of humans, was able to inhibit TNFa-induced priming state and reduce ROS production by human neutrophils without affecting ROS production induced by the bacterial chemotactic peptide fMLP or the PKC activator PMA. This inhibitory effect was mediated by the inhibition of pPunicic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of pSince punicic acid is a major fatty acid of 8321748 pomegranate seed oil, representing Neutrophils were isolated from human blood from healthy volunteers with a written informed consent. All experiments were approved by the INSERM institutional review board and ethics committee. Data collection and analyses were performed anonymously. All animal work was conducted according to relevant national and international guidelines in accordance with the recommendations of the Weatherall report. All animal experiments were approved by the Committee on Animal Experimentation of INSERM and performed in compliance with the care and use of laboratory animals. Human neutrophils were isolated in LPS-free conditions by means of one step purification on polymorphprep gradient dextran sedimentation as previously described. ROS production was measured by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence method: cells were suspended in Neutrophils were incubated in the absence or presence of different concentrations of punicic acid for MPO release was performed by measuring MPO activity using HDifferent groups of Effect of pomegranate seed oil on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Photomicrographs were representative of H&E stained slides of paraffin embedded colonic tissues recovered from controls, TNBS alone and TNBS plus pomegranate seed oil. Histologic and macroscopic lesions following TNBS treatment are represented by Wallace score and Ameho score score. The tissues are representative of FFormalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colon sections on glass slides were deparaffinized in toluene and rehydrated through graded alcohol solutions. After washing in PBS, the tissues were permeabilized with Traditionally, human diseases are classified according to the observational correlation between pathological analysis and clinical syndromes via a reductionist approach. Although serving the clinicians fairly well to date, this classification suffers from a lack of sensitivity to detect diseases before the appearance of symptoms and ambiguity in disease diagnosis. In a similar vein, the traditional view of drug action on disease as a ��key��fitting into the ��lock��is certainly over-simplified and has been challenged by a growing body of evidence showing that there are many keys for each lock and a single key can fit multiple locks. The existence of unwanted drug side effects and high rate of safety-related drug failures also suggests that the current efforts of identifying highly selective compounds based on limited comparative assays may be ineffective. As argued by Loscalzo et al., the above GSK-429286A biological activity shortcomings could be alleviated to a great extent by a ��network��approach that both appreciates the use as well as the limits of reductionism and incorporates the tenets of the non-reductionist approach of complex systems analysis. The latter component becomes increasingly feasible 
in the post-genomic era because of the advent of highthroughput technologies. This enables an automated, somewhat comprehensive monitoring of the changes of various molecular components associat