Ang D, Sui Y, Cui H, Yu Y Experimental study on anaphylaxis of qingkailing injection and its components on Beagle dogs. J Tradit Chin Med 32: 641645. 16. Wang Z, Wang D, Yu Y, Li Y, Sui Y, et al. Experimental model of histamine-induced anaphylactoid reaction on beagle dogs. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 36: 18421844. 17. Liang A, Li C, Hao R, Cao C, Yi Y, et al. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 35: 23282333. 18. He P, Li F, Tang R, Li Y, Hao W, et al. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 37: 18801884. 9 Anaphylactoid Reaction of Vitamin K1 Injection 19. Vo T, Kong C, Kim S Inhibitory effects of chitooligosaccharides on degranulation and cytokine generation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS 84: 649655 20. Na HJ, Moon PD, Lee HJ, Kim HR, Chae HJ, et al. Regulatory effect of atopic allergic reaction by Carpopeltis affinis. J Ethnopharmacol 101: 4348. 21. Nishikawa H, Kitani S Gangliosides inhibit bee venom melittin cytotoxicity but not phospholipase A-induced degranulation in mast cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 252: 228236. 22. Ng W, Lobach AR, Zhu X, Chen X, Liu F, et al. Animal models 23115181 of idiosyncratic drug reactions. Adv Pharmacol 63: 81135. 23. Shenton JM, Chen J, Uetrecht JP Animal models of idiosyncratic drug reactions. Chem Biol Interact 150: 5370. 24. Huang FH, Zhang XY, Zhang LY, Li Q, Ni B, et al. Mast cell degranulation induced by chlorogenic acid. Acta Pharmacol Sin 31: 849854. 25. Funaba M, Ikeda T, Abe M Degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells: regulation by calmodulin pathway. Cell Biol Int 27: 879885. 26. Sun W, Li Y, Wang N, Du F, Hao W, et al. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 36: 18741878. 27. Wang Z, Wang D, Yu Y, Sui Y, Cui H, et al. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 36: 18701873. 28. Weiss RB, Donehower RC, Wiernik PH, Ohnuma T, Gralla RJ, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions from taxol. J Clin Oncol 8: 12631268. 10 ~~ ~~ Endothelial cells are steadily exposed to a range of physical and biomechanical stimuli. Three principal hemodynamic forces act on endothelium: a) the radial pressure developed by the hydrostatic blood forces, b) circumferential stretch or tension resulting by interinhibitor cellular connections in between the endothelial cells, and c) shear pressure, the frictional force developed by blood flow. These forces have been shown to induce numerous cellular events; in unique the presence of low shear, non-laminar flow is able to induce alterations in gene expression profile that predispose the endothelium to the initiation and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Non-laminar flow promotes adjustments to endothelial gene expression, cytoskeletal arrangement, wound repair, leukocyte adhesion at the same time as for the vasoreactive, oxidative and inflammatory states of the artery wall. Disturbed shear tension also influences the website selectivity of atherosclerotic inhibitor plaque formation at the same time as its associated vessel wall remodelling, which can impact plaque vulnerability. Current studies have highlighted that the placement of a stent against the artery wall may influence the arterial mechanical atmosphere in 17493865 incredibly profound way. Stent application may well straight injured endothelium by way of a mechanical stretching action that produces endothelial damage and denudation. Furthermore, modifications in flow patterns after stent positioning have been observed in experimental/computational flow study and consist of large-scale vortex formation and strut-spacing dependent flow stagnation. The low shear stresses connected with flow stagnation could probably induce, collectively with endothel.Ang D, Sui Y, Cui H, Yu Y Experimental study on anaphylaxis of qingkailing injection and its elements on Beagle dogs. J Tradit Chin Med 32: 641645. 16. Wang Z, Wang D, Yu Y, Li Y, Sui Y, et al. Experimental model of histamine-induced anaphylactoid reaction on beagle dogs. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 36: 18421844. 17. Liang A, Li C, Hao R, Cao C, Yi Y, et al. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 35: 23282333. 18. He P, Li F, Tang R, Li Y, Hao W, et al. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 37: 18801884. 9 Anaphylactoid Reaction of Vitamin K1 Injection 19. Vo T, Kong C, Kim S Inhibitory effects of chitooligosaccharides on degranulation and cytokine generation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS 84: 649655 20. Na HJ, Moon PD, Lee HJ, Kim HR, Chae HJ, et al. Regulatory impact of atopic allergic reaction by Carpopeltis affinis. J Ethnopharmacol 101: 4348. 21. Nishikawa H, Kitani S Gangliosides inhibit bee venom melittin cytotoxicity but not phospholipase A-induced degranulation in mast cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 252: 228236. 22. Ng W, Lobach AR, Zhu X, Chen X, Liu F, et al. Animal models 23115181 of idiosyncratic drug reactions. Adv Pharmacol 63: 81135. 23. Shenton JM, Chen J, Uetrecht JP Animal models of idiosyncratic drug reactions. Chem Biol Interact 150: 5370. 24. Huang FH, Zhang XY, Zhang LY, Li Q, Ni B, et al. Mast cell degranulation induced by chlorogenic acid. Acta Pharmacol Sin 31: 849854. 25. Funaba M, Ikeda T, Abe M Degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells: regulation by calmodulin pathway. Cell Biol Int 27: 879885. 26. Sun W, Li Y, Wang N, Du F, Hao W, et al. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 36: 18741878. 27. Wang Z, Wang D, Yu Y, Sui Y, Cui H, et al. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 36: 18701873. 28. Weiss RB, Donehower RC, Wiernik PH, Ohnuma T, Gralla RJ, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions from taxol. J Clin Oncol 8: 12631268. ten ~~ ~~ Endothelial cells are steadily exposed to a array of physical and biomechanical stimuli. 3 main hemodynamic forces act on endothelium: a) the radial stress produced by the hydrostatic blood forces, b) circumferential stretch or tension resulting by intercellular connections between the endothelial cells, and c) shear pressure, the frictional force produced by blood flow. These forces have already been shown to induce numerous cellular events; in certain the presence of low shear, non-laminar flow is able to induce adjustments in gene expression profile that predispose the endothelium for the initiation and improvement of atherosclerotic lesions. Non-laminar flow promotes alterations to endothelial gene expression, cytoskeletal arrangement, wound repair, leukocyte adhesion at the same time as towards the vasoreactive, oxidative and inflammatory states with the artery wall. Disturbed shear tension also influences the site selectivity of atherosclerotic plaque formation as well as its associated vessel wall remodelling, which can have an effect on plaque vulnerability. Current studies have highlighted that the placement of a stent against the artery wall may affect the arterial mechanical atmosphere in 17493865 quite profound way. Stent application may directly injured endothelium by way of a mechanical stretching action that produces endothelial damage and denudation. Furthermore, modifications in flow patterns following stent positioning have already been observed in experimental/computational flow study and include large-scale vortex formation and strut-spacing dependent flow stagnation. The low shear stresses associated with flow stagnation could probably induce, together with endothel.