He face of cementing a healthful partnership among these cultures, affecting several elements of interaction in between them, and even encouraging prejudice in between members of those distinct cultures (Stephan et al. 2000, p. 240). The 9-PAHSA-d9 MedChemExpress Theory has been used in several studies, and was updated by Stephan and Renfro to revolve about two important forms of threats: realistic threat and symbolic threat (Stephan et al. 2002). Realistic threats are those concerned with the wellbeing with the in-group for example political and economic energy, even though symbolic threats are concerned using the in-groups’ values, beliefs, or worldviews; realistic threats are tangible as opposed to symbolic ones, and each, importantly, may possibly only be perceived and not necessarily actual (Stephan et al. 2002). The two theories perform together by way of complementation; once group identity is established, and when out-groups are identified, then it becomes remaining the connection between these out-groups and their perceived threat towards the in-group. Zarqawi didn’t just identify the groups he identified as enemies, but rather went to wonderful lengths in establishing why and how said groups are harmful to his constituency. Collectively, these two theories give a viable framework for studying the hyperlink among societal fragmentation and terrorism. Employing them will highlight the unique out-groups that pose as a threat to Zarqawi’s in-group, moreover to the varieties of such threats. Said analysis is then further utilized to illustrate the relationship in between adjustments on the ground and changes in the rhetoric. We sought to operationalize the Social Identity Theory as well as the Integrated Threat Theory via the breaking down of SIT and ITT into their standard elements. By looking for, and coding such components, we draw a picture of factionalism in Iraq as reflected and developed by Zarqawi. Once this image is clearly drawn, a subsequent evaluation is offered to shed light on how Zarqawi took Compound 48/80 Purity benefit of a divided society so that you can plant the seeds of violence and instability: this image will manifest the distinct outgroups (enemies) within the focus of Zarqawi’s rhetoric, also as the unique threats posed to Zarqawi’s de facto in-group. Ahead of we commence, having said that, it can be essential to tackle the question from the historical roots of said factionalism. Our evaluation of Zarqawi’s rhetoric is often a window through which we seek to know the weaponization of current factionalism in creating a narrative of agency and emergency; Zarqawi sought to speak for his in-group and portray the emergency that’s the a variety of threats he ascribed for the diverse out-groups within the nation. Such narrative is, a minimum of partially, yet importantly, ingrained inside the collective memory in the peoples who reside within the area, as well as within the belief technique that the likes of Zarqawi adopt. Inside the next section, we show the conceptual ground upon which Zarqawi built his rhetoric; very first, we outline the historical, at the same time as the theological, background of said rhetoric, and then we supply proof of your relation in between the historical/theological and the extremely words Zarqawi applied, in our database. three. Methodology Our investigation adopts a mixed technique study strategy. Qualitative Discourse Historical Analysis is employed to disclose the key concepts with which threats and out-groupsSoc. Sci. 2021, ten,6 ofare built in Zarqawi’s rhetoric. In addition, said method establishes the consensus that this rhetoric appeals to; that is.