Anidin di- and trimers), Figure S5 (stilbenes), Figure S6 (hydroxycinnamic acids), Figure S7 (hydroxycinnamic acids), Figures S8 11 (flavonols).2.1.1. Polar Compounds The most abundant AAs have been L-glutamine (18.20 of AAs content) followed by Lproline (15.84 of AAs), L-aspartic acid (12.92 of AAs), DL-ornithine (9.78 of AAs). Six of all fifteen identified AAs had been critical (Val, Leu, Ile, Thr, Phe and Lys). Among them phenylalanine was identified to become in highest concentration (10.25 0.75 /mL), followed by isoleucine (8.48 0.49 /mL) and leucine (eight.06 0.56 /mL) (Table 1). All crucial AA comprise 30 of all detected AA content in SE extract. Amongst the identified polar OAs, pyroglutamic acid (30.39 of OAs content) and isocitric acid (16.37 of OAs) are found to become in highest Diversity Library Screening Libraries concentrations (Table 1). Sorbitol and its 6-phosphate are pre-dominant (92.58 3.24 /mL, 34.47 of alcohols) alcohols within the SE FAE, followed by glycerol and its 3-phosphate (60.84 3.35 /mL, 22.65 of alcohols) and arabinitol (34.65 2.43 /mL, 12.90 of alcohols). Glucuronic and galacturonic acid isomers and glyceric acid have been among the prevailing sugar acids (Table 1). Dominating saccharides had been galactose and its 6-phosphate type (57.30 /mL), followed by SBP-3264 Description glucose and its 6-phosphate kind (52.13 /mL) and sorbose (49.46 /mL). Sucrose (45.36 /mL) was the prevailing disaccharide inside the extract. In total, the quantity of saccharides was 411.11 /mL (Table 1). Amongst the tested fatty acids and fatty esters, we found the highest concentration for octadecadienoic acid (15.65 1.41 /mL, 18.41 of fatty acids) and for beta-sitosterol (15.22 1.37 /mL, 40.43 of esters and sterols) (Table 1).Plants 2021, 10,7 of2.1.two. Polyphenolic Content S. ebulus L. fruits are a rich supply of polyphenolics especially anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids (Table two). Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (382.15 /mL, 74.43 of anthocyanins) was at highest concentration among anthocyanins and epicatechin was the key proanthocyanidin (322.37 /mL). Among proanthocyanidin polymers dominate epicatechin dimers (688.42 /mL) and trimers (915.79 /mL) comprising 11.79 and 15.68 , respectively, of all detected polyphenolics in our samples. All together anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins were 1966.76 /mL representing 33.67 of all analyzed polyphenols. Trans-Resveratrol-3-O-glucoside (51.93 /mL) was the only detected stilbene. Dominating hydroxycinnamic acids identified in S. ebulus fruits are neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acid, followed by 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid and feruloylquinic acid. In total, the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids in the tested SE extract was 3005.02 /mL (300.5 mg/g DW) and represented 51.45 of all detected polyphenols. Hyperoside was one the big flavonol detected in our samples. two.two. Investigation of Inflammation Connected Biomarkers in a Model of LPS-Stimulated J774A.1 Macrophages Aiming to study the anti-inflammatory action in the aqueous extract of dwarf elderberry below situations of LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in J774A.1 mouse macrophages, the transcriptional levels of genes coding for proteins mediating and involved in the inflammatory method too because the translation levels of iNOS have been analyzed. Macrophage cells have been pre-treated with rising concentrations of 2.five , 5 and 10 v/v (0.25 mg DW/mL, 0.five mg DW/mL, 1 mg DW/mL respectively) SE FAE or salicylic acid (SA) for 24 h followed by LPS stimulation for an more 24 h, and included respective.