Experiment. XD proposed and supervised the analysis, and provided important comments
Experiment. XD proposed and supervised the analysis, and provided worthwhile comments on the manuscript. All authors read and authorized the manuscript.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe study was financially supported by National All-natural Science Foundation of China (31330066 and 31521092) and China Agriculture Study Technique (CARS-27).CONCLUSIONThis study elucidates the expression qualities of the LCYb1 promoter from citrus, hence facilitating the understanding of theSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALThe Supplementary Material for this article is usually located online at: journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2016.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 12051-12063; doi:10.3390/ijmsOPEN ACCESSInternational Journal ofMolecular SciencesISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi/journal/ijms Article1,8-Cineole TMPRSS2 Protein custom synthesis ameliorates Steatosis of Pten Liver Distinct KO Mice via Akt InactivationSoichiro Murata 1,, Koichi Ogawa 1, Takashi Matsuzaka two, Mitsuru Chiba 3, Ken Nakayama 1, Kenichi Iwasaki 1, Tomohiro Kurokawa 1, Naoki Sano 1, Tomohito Tanoi 1 and Nobuhiro OhkohchiDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; E-Mails: [email protected] (K.O.); kenken.nakayama@gmail (K.N.); [email protected] (K.I.); yuuhaku@gmail (T.K.); sanuuuh19@gmail (N.S.); tomohito316@hotmail (T.T.); [email protected] (N.O.) Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; E-Mail: [email protected] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health-related Life Sciences, Graduate College of Wellness Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; E-Mail: [email protected] Author to whom correspondence need to be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-29-853-3221; Fax: +81-29-853-3222. Academic Editor: Johannes Haybaeck Received: 1 April 2015 / Accepted: 15 May 2015 / Published: 27 MayAbstract: Hepatocyte-specific Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten)-knockout (KO) mice exhibit hepatic lesions analogous to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 1,8-cineole is really a monoterpene oxide and it has several biological effects which includes hepatoprotective effects. Within this study we revealed that 1,8-cineole ameliorates NASH of Pten KO mice. Pten KO mice have been assigned to a handle group without the need of any medication or to a 1,8-cineole group injected with 50 mg/kg i.p. twice per week for eight weeks. At eight weeks, livers from every group had been processed to measure triglyceride (TG) content material, gene expression analysis, western blot analysis, and histological examination such as Oil red O staining. 1,8-cineole ameliorated hepatic steatosis in Pten KO mice, revealed by TG content material and Oil red O staining. Additionally, 1,8-cineole downregulated collagen 1a1 expression andInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2015,enhanced liver fibrosis. Hence, 1,8-cineole has potential as a candidate to treat NASH by inactivating the Akt/PI3-kinase pathway. Keywords and phrases: 1,8-cineole; NASH; PTEN; Akt; LXR alpha1. Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes without chronic alcohol consumption. NAFLD could be the most typical cause of liver dysfunction [1]. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is often a extreme form of NAFLD, which can be accompanied by cellular harm, inflammation, and fibrosis. NASH is becoming a really serious public well being TINAGL1, Human (HEK293, His) difficulty worldwide. NASH normally progresses to liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellul.